Eating an Ancient Roman Meal with Juilliard Graduate Florence Paget and Savvy Mom Ruth Paget

Eating an Ancient Roman Meal with Juilliard Graduate Florence Paget and Savvy Mom Ruth Paget

The sentence “Elegant and easy recipes from history’s first gourmet” convinced me to make a meal using recipes from the first century Roman cookbook by Apicius called De Re Coquineria.

Apicius’ cookbook was updated by author John Edwards in his book Roman Cookery with items such as American measures.  According to Edwards there were three foodies named Apicius in ancient Rome.  Apicius was a name akin to “Miss Manners.
My ancient Roman meal plan would support my daughter Florence’s study of ancient Rome at her Waldorf School.

I announced my meal project to Florence on the way home from school in the car.

“You’re not doing one of those educational meals again,” Florence practically wailed.

“Don’t worry.  You’ll like it,” I said despite remembering some of my ethnic first-try foods like gummy tagliatelle and sludgy rice.

“I’m making artichokes and chicken,” I said without elaborating on the sweet, tart, savory, and minty flavor combinations used in some of the dishes.  I let the subject drop and discreetly gathered the ingredients.

When the weekend rolled around, I told my family that I was making steamed artichokes, sautéed chicken, and stewed peaches without mentioning the Roman part.  Artichokes unlike tomatoes appeared on Roman tables from the beginnings of time.  (Tomatoes came from the Americas.)

The artichokes were steamed with vegetable stock to which I added black pepper (native to the Malabar Coast of India and coming to Rome through its Levantine possessions in modern-day Syria), cumin (coming Egypt, another Roman colony), and olive oil.

My husband Laurent, Florence, and I gathered around a plate of the cooled artichokes.  We peeled off the leaves and dunked the edible leaf bases into olive oil and vinegar dressing.  The cumin flavor made the artichokes taste almost like meat.  I learned that black pepper can give foods a little zing just by using it in the water to steam something.

“These artichokes are really good,” Florence said, which encouraged me to reveal their source.

“They’re Roman artichokes,” I nonchalantly added.  Florence and Laurent looked at each other with better-eat-what’s-good-now glances.

“Maybe Caesar ate artichokes like these,” I ventured, warming up to my food-as-history lesson.

“Caesar was too busy fighting to eat good food,” Florence remarked.

“It’s so boring to learn about fighting,” she continued.  She went on to tell us about Caesar and the Gauls, Caesar and Pompey, and Caesar and Cleopatra.  She certainly had retained a lot about her boring school subject.

I offered some more artichokes to my family.  With America’s artichoke capital, Castroville, nearby, we could eat these almost everyday.

I then prepared chicken by adding grounds herbs and spices to a saucepan of chicken stock flavored with red wine vinegar, chopped dates, honey, and olive oil.  I brought the chicken to the table and brought up the topic of Rome again.

“Have you been studying the Aeneid?” I asked.

“That story is so sad when Aeneas leaves Queen Dido,” Florence said.

“Aeneas had to leave Queen Dido and Carthage to found Rome,” I told her.

“Why didn’t he just stay with the woman he loved,” my young Californian asked.

“Because he had to serve his people.  Part of being Roman is doing things for the good of others even when you want to do something differently.  It’s a lot like being a parent sometimes,” I said and smiled at Florence.

“Will you show me how to make the Roman chicken?” she asked.

“Of course,” I said.

I smiled again and wondered if Roman matrons with houses full of servants got to show their daughters how to cook.

By Ruth Paget - Author of Eating Soup with Chopsticks and Marrying France

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Visiting the Tomb of Eleanor of Aquitaine at Fontevraud (France) with Juilliard Graduate Florence Paget and Savvy Mom Ruth Paget

Visiting the Tomb of Eleanor of Aquitaine at Fontevraud (France) with Juilliard Graduate Florence Paget and Savvy Mom Ruth Paget


Fontevraud Abbey in Anjou, France is the major sepulcher of the Plantagenet kings of England and their families, who also ruled vast portions of modern-day France.  The Abbey also functions as a major transition between the childhood story of Robin Hood and the historical figures who were part of that English folktale.

My daughter Florence had studied the story of Robin Hood in sixth grade at her Waldorf School.  Robin Hood is an outlaw who steals from the rich to give to the poor in the English tale.  It is a medieval story, which features Robin Hood as an excellent archer and swordsman.  

To make sure the Robin Hood story and other medieval tales stayed with the children, my daughter’s Waldorf school had the children practice archery and run for an hour before school to prepare them for the Medieval Games that the Waldorf School in Marin County outside San Francisco would be holding.  They made crests to represent their family heritage and sewed them on tunics to participate in this affair, too.  All of these activities gave Florence a good background in the life of the Middle Ages.

When my husband Laurent, Florence, and I went on a trip to France, I told Florence that some of the main characters from Robin Hood were buried in Fontevraud Abbey.

“Cool,” she responded.  That settled it on going there to visit.

Fontevraud Abbey was founded in 1101.  It was considered to be an aristocratic abbey, which was important for receiving donations and ensuring defense.  Fontevraud was run by an abbess even though it was a mixed community of men and women. 

There were 36 abbesses at Fontevraud before it was dismantled after the French Revolution.  Five of the abbesses were from the Bourbon family.  Louis XV (1710 – 1774) sent four of his daughters to Fontevraud Abbey for their education.

Fifteen Plantagenets are buried at Fontevraud Abbey but the ones that I was going to weave a story around were Isabella d’Angoulême (1188 – 1246, Queen of England and widow of John, King of England), Richard the Lionheart (1157 – 1199, Richard I, King of England), Henri II (1133 – 1189, King of England and Count of Anjou), and Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122 – 1204, Queen of France by Louis VII and Queen of England by Henri II).  These four have their tombs and effigies arranged together in the Fontevraud Abbey Church.

I stood with Florence by Isabella d’Angoulême’s tomb and said, “Isabella d’Angoulême was the second wife of King John of England.  Remember, he was the bad king when Robin Hood was alive.  King John was so bad that he is buried in England and his wife is in France.  Robin Hood took money from all the rich people that King John gave money to and gave it to the poor.”

“Is the Sheriff of Nottingham here?” Florence asked.

“No, just the royals get to be buried in Fontevraud,” I answered.

“Over here is the tomb of Richard the Lionheart, who was away fighting the Crusades in the Robin Hood story and in real life.  Crusades cost a lot of money.  That’s one of the reasons King John was taking money from people.  King Richard is the good guy in Robin Hood, though.  Everyone wants him to come home,” I said trying to remember the tale I was telling.

Fortunately, I had great polychrome effigy props to work with, so we walked around to the next tomb, which was Henry II’s.

“Henry II, the King of England, was the father of King John and King Richard.  He had a hard time with all his sons, because only the oldest son inherits land in England.  They even called John, Jean sans Terre, meaning “John without Land,” because he was a young son,” I said.

“But, he became king,” Florence said.

“That’s right.  If a king does not have a child in England, his next eldest brother inherits the throne.” I said.

Finally, we arrived at the tomb of Eleanor of Aquitaine.  “She’s holding a book, because she loved to read and gave money to authors and artists.  She could read and speak several languages as royal family members can do,” I said.  I was trying to promote Florence’s study of Spanish and Japanese at school.

“Eleanor caused a lot of trouble for her husbands.  The French put the Salic Law into usage when she died so women could not inherit land,” I said.  “The French did not want England to run their country.”

After that we visited the Romanesque kitchens before going to the gift shop.  I bought Florence a book that I knew Eleanor of Aquitaine would approve of called Contes et legends au Moyen Âge français by Marcelle et Georges Huisman.  The book is not translated in English, but its title means “Fairy Tales and Legends of the French Middle Ages.”  It was a middle school student’s books with games and puzzles related to the stories that included:

-The love stories of Aucassin and Nicolette and Floire and Blanche Fleur

-Chansons de Geste told by troubadours in southern France such as Bertha of the Big Feet, Gerard from Vienne, The Story of Roland, and The Legend of William of Orange

-The Story of Saint Ursula from The Golden Legend

-Fables such as La Folle Largesse or Crazy Generosity

-Fox stories – the French still believe it is good to emulate a wily fox

I knew Florence would learn French when she had the incentive to do so using the language learning strategies she used in Spanish and Japanese class at school.  I liked showing Florence how England and France had a common history at Fontevraud Abbey and think it is a great place to talk about Robin Hood.

By Ruth Paget - Author of Eating Soup with Chopsticks and Marrying France

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Celebrating Beauty at a Thai Loy Krathong Festival with Juilliard Graduate Florence Paget and Savvy Mom Ruth Paget

Celebrating Beauty at a Thai Loy Krathong Festival with Juilliard Graduate Florence Paget and Savvy Mom Ruth Paget 

When I read about the Thai Loy Krathong Festival in the newspaper, I convinced my family to go by noting they would have traditional dancers, an orchestra, and good food.

Loy Krathong usually falls in November and celebrates the goddess of water named Phra Mae Kongka according to the brochure handed out at the festival, which was held at the Filipino American Community Club in Marina, California.

The brochure further stated that Loy Krathong began in the thirteenth century during the Kingdom of Sukothai.  Queen Nang Noppamas, who may be a mythical character, made a boat with candles and incense in it and floated it down river to honor Phra Mae Kongka.

Beauty contests are run during Loy Krathong to honor Queen Nang Noppamas and one was held for a junior king and queen at the Loy Krathong Festival we attended.  All the children were dressed in traditional Thai costumes, and the girls had their hair done up in buns to resemble crowns.  I knew the deciding factor for the winners would be something like who had helped the most at the festival.

My family participated at the festival as audience members and diners.  My husband Laurent, daughter Florence, and I admired the Thai dancers.  There was a small orchestra set up with Thai xylophones called ranads.  Ranads have 21 or 22 bars and get their vibrating sound from a boat-shaped resonator.  Unlike Western resonators, Thai musicians play ranads with two mallets. 

We watched the entertainment as we sipped Thai iced tea made of strong, sugary tea with condensed milk over ice.  I bought fried plantains for my family and a dish called palo, which was a pork stew with boiled eggs that had been flavored with cinnamon and star anise.  It had a wonderful aroma and tasted good, too.

We sat with an American man whose wife was Thai.  He was the chief winemaker at one of Carmel Valley’s best wineries.  He had studied at the University of Bordeaux and had fun speaking in French with us.  He invited us to a Christmas wreath-making party at the winery with a barbecue and cellar tour.  We heartily accepted.

You never can tell what will happen at a Loy Krathong Festival or any other festival for that matter.  Festivals are truly a fun way for communities to learn about each other.

By Ruth Paget - Author of Eating Soup with Chopsticks and Marrying France

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Visiting the Louvre's Egyptian Galleries in Paris (France) with Juilliard Graduate Florence Paget and Savvy Mom Ruth Paget

Visiting the Louvre's Egyptian Galleries in Paris (France) with Juilliard Graduate Florence Paget and Savvy Mom Ruth Paget

My husband and I took our daughter Florence on a trip to France when she was in the fifth grade.  She had been studying ancient Egypt in school, and we asked one of the family cousins who was a retired school teacher to take us on a tour of the Louvre’s Egyptian collection.

Laurent’s teacher cousin had taught the history of ancient Egypt to middle school students in Paris and had brought many classes to the Louvre.  She had a set tour and points to cover, which we did at an American pace however.  I knew she was accustomed to students who walk in a line like those you can see pictured in Ludwig Bemelman’s Madeleine picture books.

The entire American family stopped to ask questions about works that interested us during our lecture.  We walked around exhibits and stooped down and stood up on our tiptoes to get better views of the artwork.  Florence made commentaries, too, which children are not supposed to do in France.

When she was shown canopic jars, she asked, “What goes in those?” which translator mom asked teacher cousin.

“Viscera such as the hearts and lungs of the dead pharaohs,” was teacher cousin’s reply.

“Gross.  That’s nasty,” was Florence’s loud reply.

We examined the writing on all the exhibits we saw to determine which kind of Egyptian writing it was.  Florence had learned to draw hieroglyphs at school, but within hieroglyphic writing there are variations.  We looked for the highly wrought artistic hieroglyphs that appeared on religious art, stylized cursive hieroglyphs that captured the essence of the form, and angular hieratic hieroglyphs used for everyday communication. 

Teacher cousin asked, “What kind of school does Florence go to?”

I knew my answer would be unpopular when I said, “Waldorf.”

I could almost hear teacher cousin saying to herself, “German schools set up by an Austrian.”

I loved France, but I knew that the culture of Austria’s Habsburg Empire was perpetuated with German teaching methods through Waldorf.  The Habsburg Empire was multilingual and multicultural; it had lessons for intercultural relations and education in the United States I thought. 

I loved Waldorf’s arts curriculum for which it is famous, but the social studies and foreign language curriculum for children are what made me want Florence attend this school.  I was very happy that Florence could distinguish among different types of hieroglyphics, for example.  I knew she would be able to identify Chinese, Japanese, and Korean writing with no problem in the future, too.

Aside from the hieroglyphics, Florence’s favorite artworks in the Louvre’s Egyptian galleries were the papyrus pages from the Egyptian Book of the Dead.  Florence’s class had written and drawn pages from this book in class.  The afterlife is when life really started for the Egyptians, so it was not a morbid topic for the class to study.

We stood in front of one Book of the Dead text, and Florence showed teacher cousin what she knew:

“Anubis, who has the jackal head, leads the dead to Osiris for judgment by the Goddess Maat.”

“Where’s Maat?” I asked.

“She’s a feather here,” Florence responded.

After viewing this Book of the Dead page, Florence let teacher cousin finish our Egyptian gallery tour uninterrupted. 

Afterwards we ate at the international food court, which is always crowded.  You have to order, get your food, and then wait for a table to be vacated before sitting down.  Laurent and Florence ate Mexican food; I had a Lebanese sampler plate; and teacher cousin ate French.  I hope teacher cousin had fun with her Americans in the Egyptian collection.

By Ruth Paget - Author of Eating Soup with Chopsticks and Marrying France

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Touring San Francisco's Japanese Tea Garden with Juilliard Graduate Florence Paget and Savvy Mom Ruth Paget

Touring San Francisco's Japanese Tea Garden with Juilliard Graduate Florence Paget and Savvy Mom Ruth Paget

My husband Laurent and I took our daughter Florence to the Japanese Tea Garden in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park to support her grade-school studies of Japanese.

I had lived in Japan as an exchange student and had gotten my bachelor’s degree in Far Eastern Languages and Civilizations at the University of Chicago, so I was looking forward to the family field trip.

The Japanese Tea Garden’s website says that it was originally created as a “Japanese Village” exhibit for the 1894 California Midwinter International Exhibition.  The Japanese landscape architect who created the village stayed on and made many additions to the park out of his own pocket. 

He was later sent to a Japanese internment camp during World War II and not allowed to return to the Tea Garden to live once released.  I did not know this when we visited, but details of the story are on the Garden’s website.

When my family began its visit of the Garden, I told Laurent and Florence, “The orange pagodas here with the gray roofs are like the ones you would find in Nara, Japan.  Nara had the most Chinese influence and is one of Japan’s oldest cities.”

The Tea Garden is taken care of very well with trimmed plants and bushes everywhere.  We walked all throughout the five-acre park.  I pointed out things that were on the trail and let Florence know what they meant even though they had been studying many of them at school.

She loved scampering up and down the drum bridge.  I was afraid she might fall off of it, because the arch is so high.  Drum bridges were built to let barges pass beneath them while people could still cross canals.

The Garden’s paths were lined with toro, Japanese stone lanterns.  These are Buddhist and Chinese in origin.  In Buddhist temples, they line the pathways leading to the temple.

Florence had fun looking at the koi, colored carp, which were darting about in the ponds.  Most people call “koi” goldfish, but they are carp that are bred for color.  Their most common colors are orange and red and white together.  Their colors often match the flowers grown in Japanese gardens.  If the Japanese could breed carp for a pink color to match cherry blossoms, I think they would do that, too.

Stepping stones throughout the Garden encourage you to slow down and admire the architecture as well as the foliage.  The Japanese plant symbolic plants and trees in their gardens.  Leaves on stepping stones often lead the way to tea ceremony houses in Japan. 

The Japanese Tea Garden has a zen garden that favors San Francisco’s foggy climate.  There are many bushes and pruned trees in it instead of rocks and raked gravel as at the Ryoanji garden that I had visited in Kyoto.

San Francisco’s Japanese Tea Garden reminded me of the Suizenji Garden that I had visited in Kumamoto that featured the landscapes of Japan’s Tokaido Road between Kyoto and Edo (modern-day Tokyo).  A representation of Mount Fuji on the Tokaido Road figures in Suizenji and the Japanese Tea Garden in San Francisco.

We finished our visit with tea in the Tea House, which overlooks a pond.  I had genmaicha (a green tea blended with brown rice); Laurent had Chinese jasmine tea; and Florence had delicate sencha, because it came in a teapot.

The Japanese Tea Garden in Golden Gate Park is a slice of Japanese life; the people of San Francisco are very fortunate to have this resource available to them.

By Ruth Paget - Author of Eating Soup with Chopsticks and Marrying France

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