The following article entitled The Birth of Modern Accounting and Finance in the Chicago Booth Review is a mini history of how double-entry accounting developed in Europe with the best documentation in Northern Italy.
The article describes single-entry accounting in medieval manors with serfs and how the rise of towns and trade promoted double-entry bookkeeping.
https://www.chicagobooth.edu/review/birth-modern-accounting-finance?source=ic-em-20260407
Great reading for armchair economists!
Reposted by Ruth Paget, author Eating Soup with Chopsticks and Marrying France and developer of the Novgorod and Bento War Games